Helicobacter pylori tem sido apontado como causa de anemia. Para investigar essa associação, estudo transversal de base populacional foi realizado entre adultos (18-45 anos de idade), usuários das 31 unidades básicas de saúde (UBS), em Pelotas, Sul do Brasil. Entrevistas com questionários estruturados foram feitas nas salas de espera, em dois turnos de trabalho. Anemia (hemoglobina < 11g/dL entre gestantes, < 12g/dL entre mulheres adultas e < 13g/dL entre homens) foi diagnosticada em sangue capilar (HemoCue). H. pylori foi identificado por 13C-Urea Breath Test. Foram coletadas informações sócio-demográficas, comportamentais e biológicas. Análise por regressão logística e linear, levando em conta a agregação por UBS. Dos 1.117 elegíveis, foram perdidos ou recusaram-se participar 8,1%. A prevalência de anemia foi 20,6% (18,2-23,2%) e H. pylori, 70,7% (68,0-73,6%). Após ajuste para idade, sexo e cor, a odds ratio para anemia entre H. pylori positivos foi 0,94 (0,70-1,27). Na análise ajustada para sexo, cor, renda familiar, idade e tabagismo, o nível de hemoglobina foi 0,07g/dL menor (-0,24-0,11; p = 0,4) entre H. pylori positivos. Não há associação entre H. pylori e anemia entre adultos usuários de UBS no Sul do Brasil.

To investigate the association between Helicobacter pylori and anemia, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 18-45 year old users of the 31 primary health care units in Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Interviews using a structured questionnaire were carried out in waiting rooms during two work shifts. Anemia (hemoglobin < 11g/dL among pregnant women, < 12g/dL among women and < 13g/dL among men) was diagnosed from capillary blood (HemoCue) and H. pylori by means of a 13C-UBT. Information on socio-demographic, behavioral and biological characteristics was collected. Logistic and linear regression analyses were carried out, taking into account aggregated primary health care units. A total of 1,117 respondents fulfilled the inclusion criteria (losses/refusals: 8.1%). Prevalence of anemia was 20.6% (18.2-23.2%) and of H. pylori, 70.7% (68.0-73.6%). After allowing for age, sex and skin color the odds ratio for anemia among those who were diagnosed H. pylori positive was 0.94 (0.70-1.27). After allowing for sex, skin color, family monthly income, age, and smoking, the reduction in hemoglobin among H. pylori positive respondents was 0.07g/dL (-0.24-0.11; p = 0.4). There is no association between H. pylori and anemia among adults attending primary health care units in Southern Brazil.

Helicobacter pylori tem sido apontado como causa de anemia. Para investigar essa associação, estudo transversal de base populacional foi realizado entre adultos (18-45 anos de idade), usuários das 31 unidades básicas de saúde (UBS), em Pelotas, Sul do Brasil. Entrevistas com questionários estruturados foram feitas nas salas de espera, em dois turnos de trabalho. Anemia (hemoglobina < 11g/dL entre gestantes, < 12g/dL entre mulheres adultas e < 13g/dL entre homens) foi diagnosticada em sangue capilar (HemoCue). H. pylori foi identificado por 13C-Urea Breath Test. Foram coletadas informações sócio-demográficas, comportamentais e biológicas. Análise por regressão logística e linear, levando em conta a agregação por UBS. Dos 1.117 elegíveis, foram perdidos ou recusaram-se participar 8,1%. A prevalência de anemia foi 20,6% (18,2-23,2%) e H. pylori, 70,7% (68,0-73,6%). Após ajuste para idade, sexo e cor, a odds ratio para anemia entre H. pylori positivos foi 0,94 (0,70-1,27). Na análise ajustada para sexo, cor, renda familiar, idade e tabagismo, o nível de hemoglobina foi 0,07g/dL menor (-0,24-0,11; p = 0,4) entre H. pylori positivos. Não há associação entre H. pylori e anemia entre adultos usuários de UBS no Sul do Brasil.

To investigate the association between Helicobacter pylori and anemia, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 18-45 year old users of the 31 primary health care units in Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Interviews using a structured questionnaire were carried out in waiting rooms during two work shifts. Anemia (hemoglobin < 11g/dL among pregnant women, < 12g/dL among women and < 13g/dL among men) was diagnosed from capillary blood (HemoCue) and H. pylori by means of a 13C-UBT. Information on socio-demographic, behavioral and biological characteristics was collected. Logistic and linear regression analyses were carried out, taking into account aggregated primary health care units. A total of 1,117 respondents fulfilled the inclusion criteria (losses/refusals: 8.1%). Prevalence of anemia was 20.6% (18.2-23.2%) and of H. pylori, 70.7% (68.0-73.6%). After allowing for age, sex and skin color the odds ratio for anemia among those who were diagnosed H. pylori positive was 0.94 (0.70-1.27). After allowing for sex, skin color, family monthly income, age, and smoking, the reduction in hemoglobin among H. pylori positive respondents was 0.07g/dL (-0.24-0.11; p = 0.4). There is no association between H. pylori and anemia among adults attending primary health care units in Southern Brazil.

Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role against free radicals, its blood concentration showing a strong correlation with in vivo oxidative stress. GSH concentration decreases with aging, strong fitness and oxidative stress among other pathologies like diabetes, cystic fibrosis, AIDS, cirrhosis, infections, protein malnutrition and chemotherapy treatments. The GSH performance in different physiological functions and diverse pathologies can be studied using labeled molecules with stable isotopes, for instance using 13C. The kinetic of the 13CO2, generated from a 13C-substrate, constitutes a useful tool for the studies of metabolic routes. The carboxilato 13C-oxatiazolidina (OTC) enables the evaluation of the glutathione balance in different pathological and physiological conditions, determining the redox state in each situation. In this work, different basic aspects of glutathione metabolism are discussed, as well as its relationship with different pathologies. The usefulness of stable isotopes is also analyzed as a non invasive tool for determining glutathione balance in human beings.

El glutatión (GSH) juega un papel fundamental en la protección celular contra la injuria oxidativa. Los cambios de la concentración de GSH en sangre podrían dar una medida del stress oxidativo in vivo. El GSH disminuye con el envejecimiento, el ejercicio violento y también en ciertas patologías como diabetes, fibrosis quística, SIDA, cirrosis, infecciones, malnutrición proteica y tratamientos quimioterápicos, entre otros. El rol del GSH en diferentes funciones fisiológicas y en diversas patologías puede estudiarse empleando moléculas etiquetadas con isótopos estables, como por ejemplo con 13C. La cinética del 13CO2, generado a partir de un 13C-sustrato, constituye una herramienta útil en el estudio de rutas metabólicas. La 13C-oxatiazolidina carboxilato (OTC) permite evaluar el balance del glutatión en diferentes condiciones patológicas y fisiológicas, determinando el estado redox en cada situación. En este trabajo se discuten aspectos básicos del metabolismo del glutatión y su vinculación con determinadas patologías en el hombre; también se analiza la utilización de los isótopos estables como una herramienta no invasiva para evaluar el balance de glutatión en seres humanos.

La anemia y la deficiencia nutricional de hierro afectan a gran parte de la población mundial. En este artículo se discute las principales causas y consecuencias que produce esta deficiencia nutricional sobre la salud humana.

Anaemia and nutritional iron deficiency significantly affect the world population. In this article we discus the main causes and consequences that this nutritional deficiency produces on human heath.

Zinc deficiency continues to be a serious world health problem that affects developed and developing countries. Despite the evidence that confirms that shortage of zinc in rapid growth periods negatively affects the cognitive, brain and sexual development, very few studies have been completed in children. This paper submits a review of evidence so far collected as to the relationship between zinc deficiency and intellectual and sexual development during childhood, pre-adolescence and adolescence

La deficiencia de zinc es un grave problema de salud a nivel mundial que afecta a países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo. A pesar de la evidencia que prueba que la deprivación de zinc en los períodos de rápido crecimiento afecta negativamente el desarrollo cognitivo, cerebral y sexual, se han realizado muy pocos estudios completos en niños. Este trabajo propone una revisión de la evidencia reunida hasta el momento acerca de la relación que existe entre la deficiencia de zinc y el desarrollo intelectual y sexual durante las etapas de la infancia, preadolescencia y adolescencia

The nutritional deficiency of essential minerals, such as iron and zinc, affects the population worldwide with different effects on human health. Food fortification has been proven to be one of the most effective strategies to overcome this situation, although limitations residing not only in the choice of food to provide these nutrients but also in the correct selection of the fortification compounds are very important. In general, iron and zinc compounds, that have high bioavailability, lead to alterations in the sensorial properties of the fortified food, making it less acceptable for consumption. On the other hand, non-reactive compounds with excellent technological properties have very low bioavailability, which renders them of no value from a nutritional point of view. In the present article, fortification aspects are discussed in order to achieve a better understanding of this problem.

La deficiencia nutricional de ciertos minerales como el hierro y zinc afectan a la población a escala mundial con graves efectos sobre la salud dependiendo fundamentalmente del grado de incidencia y de la magnitud de la deficiencia. La fortificación de alimentos ha resultado ser la estrategia más efectiva para corregir esta situación con inconvenientes que radican no solamente en la elección del alimento a utilizar como transporte para dichos nutrientes sino también en la correcta elección del compuesto a utilizar como fortificante ya que en general aquellos compuestos que poseen una adecuada biodisponibilidad presentan cambios en las características sensoriales de los alimentos fortificados poco aceptables para su consumo. Los compuestos inertes, que poseen propiedades optimas desde del punto de vista tecnológico poseen una baja absorción que los convierte en compuestos nutricionalmente poco útiles. En este trabajo se discute con mayor detalle estos aspectos con el fin de llegar a un entendimiento más profundo de la problemática antes mencionada.